An Update on Future Utilization of Extracellular Vesicles in Evaluation Part of These in Maturation of Gametes, Fertilization along with Embryo Implantation for Escalating the Success of Artificial Reproductive Technology : A Systematic Review

After having reviewed the role of Extracellular Vesicles (ECV’s) as potential biomarkers along with role in endometriosis and for therapeutic efficacy in diabetes mellitus here we attempted to review the role of ECV’s potentially for escalating the success in Artificial reproductive technology(ART). Thus we utilized Pubmed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Scopus, Embase, Web of Sciences, Cochrane library search engines wherewe utilized the MeSH terms like Extracellular Vesicles, or micro Vesicles, exososomes, microparticles, prostasomes, Epididymosomes, oviductosomes, uterosomes along with a lot of words in relation to various phases of development varying from ooc ytes, spermatozoa, Fertilization, embryo, implantation, Epididymal fluid, follicular fluid, seminal fluid from 1950’s till date in December 2020. We got a total of 2000 articles out of which we selected 148 articles for this review. We utilized both animal along with human studies No meta analysis was done. Different kinds of ECV’s were isolated from follicular fluid, seminal fluid, uterine follicular fluid. In cases of males ECV’s in seminal fluid correlated with post testicular maturation, along with acquiring sperm motility, as well as decreased oxidative stress. In females follicular fluid possessed miRNA, having probable part in follicular growth, ooc ytes meiosis resuming, steroidogenesis as well as avoiding polyspermy. Besides that ECV’s were observed in culture embryos media, pointing that ECV’s liberated from embryo as well as uterus might bring about embryo-endometrium communication during implantation. It is still early stages to conclude what are the exact functions of ECV’s as well as how they can get utilized as biomarkers of good sperm oocyte/embryo, utilize addition of miRNA, via ECV’s and utilize in specific cases like genetic problems to supplement genetic material. More work is needed with the limitations in human studies.

Keywords: Extracellular Vesicles, Epididymosomes, oviductosomes, prostasomes, miRNA, exososomes, implantation.